Dr.G.S. Obo V. Commissioner Of Education Bendel State & Anor. (2001)
LAWGLOBAL HUB Lead Judgment Report
KUTIGI, J.S.C.
In the High Court holden at Benin City, the plaintiff’s claims against the defendants jointly and severally read as follows:-
“1. A declaration that the purported termination by the defendants of the plaintiff’s appointment as a civil servant in the Civil Service of the Bendel State of Nigeria is unlawful, unconstitutional, null and void.
- A declaration that the plaintiff is still an officer in the Bendel State Civil Service and entitled to resume his duties and functions therein and to receive and/or enjoy the rights, remuneration, benefits and privileges attached to his post and/or office.
- A mandatory injunction restoring the plaintiff to his post and/or office and to all his rights, remuneration, benefits and privileges aforesaid.
- And any other relief or order which the court may deem fit to grant or make in the circumstance.”
Pleadings were filed and exchanged. In their joint statement of defence, the defendants counter-claimed against the plaintiff thus:-
“The 1st defendant counter-claims from the plaintiff the sum of N22,739.49K being the amount fraudulently earned and drawn as salaries from 20th January 1976 to April 1982 as reflected in the statement of account of the N.N.B. (New Nigeria Bank Ltd), Ring Road Branch, Benin City and the plaintiff’s personal emolument cards, (for the same period) both to be founded upon at trial.
PARTICULARS OF FRAUD
(a) The plaintiff was in the USA.
(b) The plaintiff knew that he was granted study leave without pay and withdrew by cheques, to be founded upon.
(c) He did not resume duty at the expiration of the two (2) years granted him.
(d) He did not seek and obtain any letter from the 1st defendant restoring him to his position.
(e) After expiration of two (2) years he did not resume duty and as such as not entitled to any salary from 20th January 1978, when his study leave without pay expired.
(f) He bluntly refused to comply with the directives as to extension of his study leave.
(g) He received at regular interval from the N.N.B. statement of account relating to his current account.”
At the hearing the plaintiff who had filed a statement of claim and a reply to counter-claim offered no oral evidence, but rested his case on the documentary exhibits tendered by him. The defendants on the other hand called a total of five witnesses and tendered a number of documentary evidence as well.
The undisputed facts of the case are that the plaintiff was employed as an Assistant Education Officer by the 2nd defendant for the 1st defendant on 6th April. 1971. He was granted two (2) years study leave without pay to enable him undertake a course of study in the United States of America; with effect from 19th January, 1976. In August 1976, he applied to the 1st defendant for extension of the study leave by three or four years. This was forwarded by the 1st defendant to the 2nd defendant for approval who then directed that the plaintiff should re-apply in November 1977, with a fresh confidential academic report from the Head of Department of his college. A reminder was sent to the plaintiff on 9th September, 1977, by the 1st defendant. The plaintiff failed to comply with the directives until 28th June, 1978, when he wrote to the 1st defendant renewing his old application and informing the 1st defendant of the inability of his college to issue academic progress report because he was indebted to the college. There was no exchange of communication between the parties after this. The plaintiff without authority or permission then overstayed the study leave granted him by over eight (8) years until January 1986 when he suddenly returned from the U.S.A. and wrote a letter dated 10th January, 1986 to the 1st defendant informing him that he has returned and wished to resume duty immediately. The defendants then reacted by terminating plaintiff’s appointment with effect from 20th January, 1978.
It was against the termination of his appointment that the plaintiff brought this action against the defendants.
The defendants on receipt of the statement of claim as mentioned above counter-claimed N22,739.49k against the plaintiff, being salary paid to the plaintiff while on study leave and to which he was not entitled.
After the trial, the learned trial judge meticulously reviewed the evidence on both sides, dismissed the plaintiff’s claims in their entirety and upheld the defendants’ counter-claim in whose favour judgment was entered in the following terms:-
“I am satisfied that the defendants have proved beyond reasonable doubt that the plaintiff fraudulently received N22,739.49K being salaries to which he was not entitled. I therefore give the defendants judgment for N22,739.49K as claimed. The plaintiff shall in addition pay to the defendants costs assessed at N250.00.”
Aggrieved by the decision of the trial court, the plaintiff appealed to the Court of Appeal. In a reserved judgment, the Court of Appeal unanimously dismissed plaintiff’s appeal against his claims subject to the requirement that he should deduct his one month’s salary in lieu of notice from the excess salaries already paid to him. His appeal against the counter-claim was dismissed with N500.00 costs in favour of the defendants.
Still dissatisfied with the judgment of the Court of Appeal, the plaintiff has further appealed to this court.
The parties filed and exchanged their briefs of argument which were adopted at the hearing of the appeal. Mr. Emiaso learned counsel for the plaintiff has identified three issues as arising for determination in the appeal as follows:
“(a) Whether the Court of Appeal was right in failing to make a definite finding on the issue of fair hearing.
(b) Whether the Court of Appeal was right in holding that the plaintiff’s appointment was justifiably terminated in the light of the Court of Appeal’s finding that the procedure for termination of the plaintiff’s appointment was not followed.
(c) Whether the counter-claim of the defendants was rightly allowed in the light of the Court of Appeal’s finding that there was no evidence on record that the plaintiff influenced or organised the continued payment of salaries into plaintiff’s personal bank account, and further whether the Court of Appeal was right in holding that the withdrawal of money, by the plaintiff from plaintiff’s own bank account was fraudulent.”
I will now proceed to take the issues one by one.
Issue (a) Fair Hearing:
This issue was raised both in the High Court and in the Court of Appeal and I must say at once that it received adequate treatment in those courts. The gist of the complaint is that the plaintiff ought to have been given a query first to explain the reason for his absence from duty. And that it was only after his explanation to the query that he could lawfully and properly be terminated as provided for in the Civil Service Rules, 1978, of Bendel State. That the plaintiff was therefore wrongly terminated because he was not given any opportunity to defend himself or to be heard.
The learned trial judge in his judgment after citing relevant provisions of the Civil Service Rules and the Public Service Commission Regulations, 1978, said:
“It is clear from Exhibit 28 (supra) that the plaintiff did not meet the conditions under which his application for the extension of the period of his study leave could be entertained or considered ……….
The plaintiff knew or ought to know that his 8 years absence from duty was a gross misconduct for which he was liable to summary dismissal. The 2nd defendant terminated the plaintiff’s appointment instead of dismissing him ………
The question of fair hearing does not arise. The plaintiff knew that the study leave granted him ended in January 1978 and that his further stay in America was unauthorised …….
The plaintiff would equally have been liable to summary dismissal under the contract of employment. The plaintiff’s eight (8) years absence from duty is a fundamental breach of his contract of service which evinced an intention no longer to be bound by the contract ……………………..
Since it was the plaintiff who wrongfully repudiated the contract of service by his willful failure to carry out his duties under the contract, the termination of his appointment with retrospective effect is quite in order.”
The Court of Appeal in the lead judgment of Akpabio J.C.A. said:
“On the totality of all the foregoing, I must say that there was no dispute that the plaintiff had grossly over stayed his study leave without pay. He himself had admitted that fact in his letter Exhibit 43. What is admitted need not be proved (S.134 of the Evidence Act). So failure by the 2nd defendant to have given the plaintiff a query cannot be fatal in his case.”
I agree with what the two lower courts respectively said above. The undisputed facts show that the plaintiff had by himself repudiated the contract of employment by abandoning his work for eight (8) long years! He needed no hearing. The issue accordingly fails.
Issue (b)
Let us first of all set out in full what the Court of Appeal said on the issue raised. We can then look at it and see whether it was right or wrong. The court said in the lead judgment on page 182 of the record:-
“From all the regulations pointed out to us by the learned counsel for the defendants we are in no doubt that the plaintiff had rendered himself liable to summary dismissal, but was only merely terminated on humanitarian grounds. That being the case, I am of the view that the procedure for terminating plaintiff’s appointment as spelt out in his letter of appointment, Exhibit 1, should be followed. That letter required that plaintiff should be given one month’s notice or salary in lieu of notice. No notice was given. He should therefore have been given one month’s salary in lieu of notice which was not given. So issue No.1 (i.e. whether the learned trial judge was right in holding that the plaintiff’s appointment was justifiably terminated) must be answered in the affirmative with the proviso that the plaintiff should deduct his one month’s salary in lieu of notice from the excess salaries paid to him.”
I agree. I cannot find anything wrong in the passage above. By his letter of appointment the plaintiff was only entitled to damages for wrongful termination of appointment to one month’s notice or month’s salary in lieu of notice. The Court of Appeal did the right thing by directing the plaintiff to deduct one month’s salary from excess salaries already paid to him (see Nigerian Produce Marketing Board v. Adewunmi (1972) II S.C. III Olatunbosun v. N.I S.E.R. Council (1988) 3 NWLR (Pt .80) 25. The plaintiff ought to realise that as willing as he might be to work for the defendants, the defendants cannot be compelled to accept him. The Defendants can only be made to comply with terms or conditions of employment as contained in Exhibit I herein. This issue also fails.
Issue (c)
As with issue (b), I will also reproduce here what the Court of Appeal actually said and then examine it to find out where it went wrong if at all it did. On page 189 the judgment reads:-
“As regards the question of fraud one must say that there were two elements involved as regards the first element, one must say outright that there was no evidence on the records from which it could be inferred that the plaintiff influenced or organised the continued payment of his salaries into his account, long after he left the country. One can say that the payment was made as a result of inadvertence or mistake of fact not law, and therefore recoverable. As regards the second element, about knowledge that excess salaries have been paid into his account, the available evidence, notably, the statement of account Exhibit 42, as well as the cheques Exhibits 34-41 issued by plaintiff coupled with his refusal to give oral evidence, clearly show that plaintiff knew of such overpayment, but failed to inform his employers. Rather he decided to spend them. When he began to do so, the taking became fraudulent. Under these circumstances, I must hold that the counter-claim of the defendants was rightly granted by the learned trial judge. The appeal against the counter-claim of the defendants therefore fails and must be dismissed.”
I agree. The plaintiff’s counsel has not been able to fault the reasoning and conclusions in the passage above. While the plaintiff might be said not to have influenced or organised continued payment of his salaries into his account, when he began to spend salaries which did not belong to him, the spending certainly became fraudulent as explained by the Court of Appeal above. I find no merit in this issue. It accordingly fails.
All the three issues having been resolved against the plaintiff, the appeal must fail. It is accordingly dismissed with N10,000 costs against the plaintiff.
SC.181/93
