Ethiopian Constitution 1994
Preamble
We, the Nations, Nationalities and Peoples of Ethiopia:
Strongly committed, in full and free exercise of our right to self-determination, to building a political community founded on the rule of law and capable of ensuring a lasting peace, guaranteeing a democratic order, and advancing our economic and social development;
Firmly convinced that the fulfillment of this objective requires full respect of individual and people’s fundamental freedoms and rights, to live together on the basis of equality and without any sexual, religious or cultural discrimination;
Further convinced that by continuing to live with our rich and proud cultural legacies in territories we have long inhabited, have, through continuous interaction on various levels and forms of life, built up common interests and have also contributed to the emergence of a common outlook;
Fully cognizant that our common destiny can best be served by rectifying historically unjust relationships and by further promoting our shared interests;
Convinced that to live as one economic community is necessary in order to create sustainable and mutually supportive conditions for ensuring respect for our rights and freedoms and for the collective promotion of our interests;
Determined to consolidate, as a lasting legacy, the peace and the prospect of a democratic order which our struggles and sacrifices have brought about;
Have therefore adopted, on 8 December 1994 this Constitution through representatives we have duly elected for this purpose as an instrument that binds us in a mutual commitment to fulfill the objectives and the principles set forth above.
Chapter 1 – General Provisions
Article 1 Ethiopian Constitution 1994 – Nomenclature of the state
Article 2 Ethiopian Constitution 1994 – Ethiopian Territorial Jurisdiction
Article 3 Ethiopian Constitution 1994 – The Ethiopian Flag
Article 4 Ethiopian Constitution 1994 – National Anthem of Ethiopia
Article 5 Ethiopian Constitution 1994 – Languages
Article 6 Ethiopian Constitution 1994 – Nationality
Article 7 Ethiopian Constitution 1994 – Gender Reference
Chapter 2 – Fundamental Principles of the Constitution
Article 8 Ethiopian Constitution 1994 – Sovereignty of the People
Article 9 Ethiopian Constitution 1994 – Supremacy of the Constitution
Article 10 Ethiopian Constitution 1994 – Human and Democratic Rights
Article 11 Ethiopian Constitution 1994 – Separation of State and Religion
Article 12 Ethiopian Constitution 1994 – Conduct and Accountability of Government
Chapter 3 – Fundamental Rights and Freedoms
Article 13 Ethiopian Constitution 1994 – Scope of Application and Interpretation
Part 1 – Human Rights
Article 14 Ethiopian Constitution 1994 – Rights to life, the Security of Person and Liberty
Article 15 Ethiopian Constitution 1994 – Right to Life
Article 16 Ethiopian Constitution 1994 – The Right of the Security of Person
Article 17 Ethiopian Constitution 1994 – Right to Liberty
Article 18 Ethiopian Constitution 1994 – Prohibition against Inhuman Treatment
Article 19 Ethiopian Constitution 1994 – The Right of Persons Arrested
Article 20 Ethiopian Constitution 1994 – Rights of Persons Accused
Article 21 Ethiopian Constitution 1994 – The Rights of Persons Held in Custody and Convicted Prisoners
Article 22 Ethiopian Constitution 1994 – Non-retroactively of Criminal Law
Article 23 Ethiopian Constitution 1994 – Prohibition of Double Jeopardy
Article 24 Ethiopian Constitution 1994 – Right to Honour and Reputation
Article 25 Ethiopian Constitution 1994 – Right to Equality
Article 26 Ethiopian Constitution 1994 – Right to Privacy
Article 27 Ethiopian Constitution 1994 – Freedom of Religion, Belief and Opinion
Article 28 Ethiopian Constitution 1994 – Crimes against Humanity
Part 2 – Democratic Rights
Article 29 Ethiopian Constitution 1994 – Right of Thought, Opinion and Expression
Article 30 Ethiopian Constitution 1994 – The Right of Assembly, Demonstration and petition
Article 31 Ethiopian Constitution 1994 – Freedom of Association
Article 32 Ethiopian Constitution 1994 – Freedom of Movement
Article 33 Ethiopian Constitution 1994 – Rights of nationality
Article 34 Ethiopian Constitution 1994 – Marital, Personal and Family Rights
Article 35 Ethiopian Constitution 1994 – Rights of Women
Article 36 Ethiopian Constitution 1994 – Rights of Children
Article 37 Ethiopian Constitution 1994 – Right of Access to Justice
Article 38 Ethiopian Constitution 1994 – The Right to Vote and to be Elected
Article 39 Ethiopian Constitution 1994 – Rights of Nations, Nationalities, and Peoples
Article 40 Ethiopian Constitution 1994 – The Right to Property
Article 41 Ethiopian Constitution 1994 – Economic, Social and Cultural Rights
Article 42 Ethiopian Constitution 1994 – Rights of Labour
Article 43 Ethiopian Constitution 1994 – The Right to Development
Article 44 Ethiopian Constitution 1994 – Environmental Rights
Chapter 4 – State Structure
Article 45 Ethiopian Constitution 1994 – Form of Government
Article 46 Ethiopian Constitution 1994 – States of the Federation
Article 47 Ethiopian Constitution 1994 – Member States of the Federal Democratic Republic
Article 48 Ethiopian Constitution 1994 – State Border Changes
Article 49 Ethiopian Constitution 1994 – Capital City
Chapter 5 – The Structure and Division of Powers
Article 50 Ethiopian Constitution 1994 – Structure of the Organs of State
Article 51 Ethiopian Constitution 1994 – Powers and Functions of the Federal Government
Article 52 Ethiopian Constitution 1994 – Powers and Functions of States
Chapter 6 – The Federal Houses
Article 53 Ethiopian Constitution 1994 – The Federal Houses
Part 1 – The House of Peoples’ Representatives
Article 54 Ethiopian Constitution 1994 – Members of the House of Peoples’ Representatives
Article 55 Ethiopian Constitution 1994 – Powers and Functions of the House of Peoples’ Representatives
Article 56 Ethiopian Constitution 1994 – Political Power
Article 57 Ethiopian Constitution 1994 – Adoption of Laws
Article 58 Ethiopian Constitution 1994 – Meetings of the House, Duration of its Term
Article 59 Ethiopian Constitution 1994 – Decisions and Rules of Procedure of the House
Article 60 Ethiopian Constitution 1994 – Dissolution of the House
Part 2 – The House of the Federation
Article 61 Ethiopian Constitution 1994 – Members of the House of the Federation
Article 62 Ethiopian Constitution 1994 – Powers and Functions of the House of the Federation
Article 63 Ethiopian Constitution 1994 – Immunity of Members of the House of the Federation
Article 64 Ethiopian Constitution 1994 – Decisions and Rules of Procedure
Article 65 Ethiopian Constitution 1994 – Budget
Article 66 Ethiopian Constitution 1994 – Powers of the Speaker of the House
Article 67 Ethiopian Constitution 1994 – Sessions and Term of Mandate
Article 68 Ethiopian Constitution 1994 – Prohibition of Simultaneous Membership in the Two Houses
Chapter 7 – The President of the Republic
Article 69 Ethiopian Constitution 1994 – The President
Article 70 Ethiopian Constitution 1994 – Nominations and Appointment of the President
Article 71 Ethiopian Constitution 1994 – Powers and Functions of the President
Chapter 8 – The Executive
Article 72 Ethiopian Constitution 1994 – The Powers of the Executive
Article 73 Ethiopian Constitution 1994 – Appointment of the Prime Minister
Article 74 Ethiopian Constitution 1994 – Powers and Functions of the Prime Minister
Article 75 Ethiopian Constitution 1994 – Deputy Prime Minister
Article 76 Ethiopian Constitution 1994 – The Council of Ministers
Article 77 Ethiopian Constitution 1994 – Powers and Functions of the Council of Ministers
Chapter 9 – Structure and Powers of the Courts
Article 78 Ethiopian Constitution 1994 – Independence of the Judiciary
Article 79 Ethiopian Constitution 1994 – Judicial Powers
Article 80 Ethiopian Constitution 1994 – Concurrent Jurisdiction of Courts
Article 81 Ethiopian Constitution 1994 – Appointment of Judges
Article 82 Ethiopian Constitution 1994 – Structure of the Council of Constitutional Inquiry
Article 83 Ethiopian Constitution 1994 – Interpretation of the Constitution
Article 84 Ethiopian Constitution 1994 – Powers and Functions of the Council of Constitutional Inquiry
Chapter 10 – National Policy Principles and Objectives
Article 85 Ethiopian Constitution 1994 – Objectives
Article 86 Ethiopian Constitution 1994 – Principles for External Relation
Article 87 Ethiopian Constitution 1994 – Principles for National Defence
Article 88 Ethiopian Constitution 1994 – Political Objectives
Article 89 Ethiopian Constitution 1994 – Economic Objectives
Article 90 Ethiopian Constitution 1994 – Social Objectives
Article 91 Ethiopian Constitution 1994 – Cultural Objectives
Article 92 Ethiopian Constitution 1994 – environmental Objectives
Chapter 11 – Miscellaneous Provisions
Article 93 Ethiopian Constitution 1994 – Declaration of State of Emergency
Article 94 Ethiopian Constitution 1994 – Financial Expenditures
Article 95 Ethiopian Constitution 1994 – Revenue
Article 96 Ethiopian Constitution 1994 – Federal Power of Taxation
Article 97 Ethiopian Constitution 1994 – State Power of Taxation
Article 98 Ethiopian Constitution 1994 – Concurrent Power of Taxation
Article 99 Ethiopian Constitution 1994 – Undesignated Powers of Taxation
Article 100 Ethiopian Constitution 1994 – Directives on Taxation
Article 101 Ethiopian Constitution 1994 – The Auditor General
Article 102 Ethiopian Constitution 1994 – Election Board
Article 103 Ethiopian Constitution 1994 – Population Census Commission
Article 104 Ethiopian Constitution 1994 – Initiation of Amendments
Article 105 Ethiopian Constitution 1994 – Amendment of the Constitution
Article 106 Ethiopian Constitution 1994 – The Version with Final Legal Authority
