Oba Adegboyega Osunbade & Ors V Oba Jimoh Oladunni Oyewunmi & 2 Ors (2007)

LAWGLOBAL HUB Lead Judgment Report

I. F. OGBUAGU, JSC

The Appellants who were the Plaintiffs at the Ogbomosho High Court of the Oyo State Judiciary, by an Originating Summons, sued the Defendants/Respondents claiming certain Declarations and some other reliefs. They also sought to invalidate a Vesting Declaration which was registered at the Land Registry in Ibadan and which they alleged, was null and void. A Preliminary Objection was filed on behalf of the 1st defendant on 21st October, 1994. The grounds are: “(i) The Plaintiffs had no locus standi to institute this action. PAGE| 4 (ii) An Originating summons is not a proper procedure to commence action in which facts are to be seriously disputed. (iii) The 3rd defendant cannot be sued in his personal capacity. (iv) The action against the 3rd defendant is statute barred under the Public Officers Protection Law of Oyo State”. Three (3) days after filing the Notice of Preliminary Objection, the 1st defendant/Respondent, filed a Counter-affidavit against the supporting affidavit in respect of the Originating Summons. The above Preliminary Objection, was withdrawn when the hearing/trial of the suit commenced on 29th November, 1994 and it was accordingly struck out. The Originating Summons went into full hearing and at the end, in his “RULING/JUDGMENT” on 20th February, 1995, the learned trial Judge, Jimoh, J, found in favour of the Appellants and held that the suit was properly commenced by an Originating Summons. Dissatisfied with the said Judgment, the Respondents, appealed to the Court of Appeal, Ibadan Division (hereinafter called “the court below”) which in its majority decision delivered on 12th July, 2001, allowed the appeal, set aside the judgment of the trial court and dismissed all the claims of the Appellants. The minority judgment, struck out the Appellants’ claims. Aggrieved by the majority decision, (in respect of the final orders made), the Appellants, have appealed to this Court. It seems to me and I agree with the 1st to 5th Appellants in their Brief of Argument that the appeal is not against the finding that an improper procedure/process was used in commencing the Suit – i.e. by an Originating Summons. The appeal is on what appropriate order was to be made in the circumstances. I will expatiate hereunder. In order to get the records straight, I note that the 1st and 5th Appellants, filed a joint appeal and Brief of Argument. The 2nd, 3rd and 4th Appellants, filed separate appeals and Briefs. From the Briefs, in my respectful view, all the Appellants and the 1st Respondent, know and appreciate, what the appeal, is all about. This in my view, appears to have support in the Issue raised in all the Briefs of the parties. The 1st, 2nd and 5th Appellants’ lone issue for determination reads as follows: “Whether the Lower Court was right not to have remitted the case for hearing on pleadings in the High Court after it had held that the action was initiated by the wrong process”? Except that the 2nd Appellant, added an alternative thus: ALTERNATIVELY “2.02 Whether the lower court was right not to have remitted the case for hearing on pleadings in the High Court after it had concluded that the contentious facts in the affidavit and Counter-affidavit could only be resolved by oral evidence”. As far as I am concerned, the above, is substantially similar to the said lone issue except that it is differently couched. PAGE| 5 On 5th February, 2007, when this appeal came up for hearing, the learned counsel for the 3rd Appellant – Popoola, Esqr, abandoned their Issue 1 and relied on the 2nd issue that reads thus: “2.3 (2) What is the proper order to make”? The 4th Appellant through his learned counsel – Ogunniran, Esqr, withdrew their Issues 1, 2 and 3 and relied solely on the remaining Issue 4. The said three (3) issues were accordingly struck out. Issue 4 reads as follows: “4. Whether the order of dismissal is the proper order to make by the Court of Appeal in the light of its decision that there is a justiciable matter to be tried and the Appellants have locus standi to institute this action”. The 1st Respondent’s only issue, reads as follows: “(i) What is the appropriate order the lower court could have made in this case having considered the issues submitted by the parties on the merit and allowed the appeal in part”. I note that the 2nd and 3rd Respondents, did not file any Brief neither were they represented in Court by any learned counsel. I note that the court below, in its majority Judgment delivered by Onalaja, JCA (rtd.) at page 323 of the Records, formulated its own issues out of all the issues formulated by the parties. They read as follows: “(i) Whether the learned judge was right to have held that the plaintiffs/1st to 5th Respondents had the LOCUS STANDI to institute this action and proper to have assumed jurisdiction in adjudicating the case (sic). (ii) Whether the learned Judge was right in holding that the action was properly instituted and commenced by Originating Summons and the treatment of 6th and 7th Respondents who voluntarily withdrew participating in the action amounted to substantial miscarriage of justice of fair hearing. (iii) Whether the learned Judge was right having regard to the Supporting affidavit evidence and the counter affidavit evidence to have granted all the reliefs of declarations and injunctions sought in the Originating Summons”. His Lordship, treated or dealt with all the above three (3) issues. He, at pages 333 to 334 of the Records, referred to the guide in respect of the validity of the commencement of an action by an Originating Summons in Order 38 (1) (2) of the High Court (Civil Procedure) Rules, 1988 of Oyo State and the interpretation given to it by this Court in the cases of Chief Theophilus Adebayo Doherty v. Chief Richard Ade Doherty (1968) NMLR 241 at 242 – per Ademola, CJN referring to the Book Authority of UNDERHILS LAW RELATING TO TRUST AND TRUSTEES 1959 at page 537, which he reproduced.

The other case, is National Bank of Nigeria v. Lady Ayodele Alakija & anor. 1978 9 & 10 S.C. 59; (1978) 2 LRN 75 – per Eso, JSC, who he said “observed as follows:- “(2) Originating Summons should only be applicable in circumstances where there is no dispute on questions of fact or even the likelihood of such dispute; (3) Application by Originating Summons should never be a substitute for initiating CONTENTIOUS issues of fact (4) Where the affidavit of the plaintiff leaves matters for conjecture originating summons is not an appropriate procedure”. The next case, is M.O. Oloyo v. B.A. Alegbe, Speaker Bendel State House of Assembly (1983) 2 SCNLR 35 at 67 – per Eso, JSC, which he also reproduced at pages 335 – 336 of the Records. At page 336, His Lordship stated inter alia: “Applying the above authorities to the instant case the affidavit raised contentious facts of ownership of land by families of the 1st to 5th Respondents (i.e. Appellants) and no doubt the facts in the affidavit and counter-affidavit were irreconcilable in conflict it is the law that in such situation oral evidence shall be given Falobi v. Falobi (1976) 9 & 10 SC.1, (1976) 1 NMLR 169, Eze v. A.G. Rivers State (1999) 9 NWLR (Pt. 619) page 430 CA, Chigbu v. Tonimas Nig. Ltd. (1999) 3 NWLR (Pt.593) page 115 , (sic) C.A. Adeyemo v. Beyioke (1999) 13 NWLR (Pt.635) page 472 CA. Gbadamosi v. Alete (1998) 12 NWLR (Pt.578) page 402 (sic) C.A.” His Lordship concluded as follows: “As stated above the learned Judge made a finding of fact that the action was not hostile proceedings therefore held that their action was not properly initiated by originating summons. In the light of the above judgments of the Supreme Court which are binding on this court I am strongly of the view after looking at the facts deposed to in the affidavit and counter affidavit they raised contentious and hostile proceedings pointedly that this action ought not to have been commenced or initiated by originating summons, the finding of the learned Judge to the contrary was perverse and being an appellate court which is reluctant or loathes disturbing the finding of fact by the lower court. As the finding of the learned Judge was perverse having regard to the contentious facts which could only be resolved by oral evidence, this is an exception to the general rule that an appellate court should not disturb or interfere with the judgment of the lower court, Having declared that this action was wrongly commenced instituted or initiated by originating summons being perverse. I set aside the said finding Woluchem v. Gudi (1981) 5 S C 291, UAC (Nig.) Ltd. v. Fashikitan (1998) 1 NWLR (Pt. 573) Page 179 (sic) S C, IMP Ltd. v. Dabiri (1998) 1 NWLR. (Pt.533) page 284 (sic) .C.A.”. [the underlining mine] Surprisingly to me, and in spite of the above findings of fact and holdings which have solid support in the said above decided cases and in some other decided authorities of the court below and this PAGE| 7 Court in that regard, His Lordship referred to “the 3rd encompassed issue by the court” (supra) and stated from pages 336 (last paragraph) and 337, inter alia, as follows: “But assuming, as I have done all along, that the action as was framed and in the form it has been presented to the court is proper (it could not be) the appellant (sic) should still fail. That takes me to the 3rd encompassed issue by this court whether the Respondents 1st to 5th having regard to the evidence adduced in the supportive affidavit the counter affidavit, the 1st and 5th Respondents sought declaratory and injunctive orders are entitled to grant of the reliefs (sic)”. It is on this (with respect), wrong and unjustified assumption, that His Lordship, dismissed the action of the Appellants having gone into the merits of the said Suit and set aside the decision of the trial court on the ground that it was based on his discretion on wrong principle of law. I note at page 343 of the Records, that in the concluding Judgment of the court below, His Lordship, stated inter alia, as follows: “………….. The encompassed issue (iii) formulated by this Court is meritorious and therefore resolved in favour of the Appellant (sic). The appeal is therefore allowed” As the appeal succeeds in part the judgment of High Court Ogbomosho delivered on 20th day of February, 1995 is hereby set aside for the reasons adumbrated and advanced in this judgment, all the claims and reliefs sought by 1st to 5th RESPONDENTS are hereby dismissed”! [the underlining mine] I note at page 344 of the Records, that Tabai, JCA (as he then was), in his Judgment while agreeing entirely with the reasoning and discussion on the 1st issue of locus standi which he adopted as his, His Lordship, stated inter alia, as follows: “I also agree with the elaborate discussion in the leading judgment on the propriety or otherwise of commencing this action by way of originating summons and the conclusion reached thereat………………… In the instant case a lot of the facts were in dispute. See for instance paragraphs 4,5,13 and 15 of the affidavit in support of the summons and their denial in the, counter-affidavit deposed to on behalf of the 1st defendant/appellant. These facts can only be resolved by oral evidence duly tested by cross-examination. I hold therefore that this suit was wrongly commenced or instituted by originating summons, and it is for that reason incompetent. The jurisdiction of the Ogbomosho Judicial Division of the High Court of Oyo State was not properly invoked. See Madukolu v. Nkemdilim (1962) 2 SCNLR 341 at 348. The proper order for the court below would have been to strike out the suit. The learned trial judge did not do that. Rather he assumed jurisdiction, heard the matter and in his judgment on the 20/2/95 granted all the reliefs claimed”. [the underlining, mine] His Lordship continued thus:

“There was no competent claim before him and he lacked the jurisdiction to hear and determine the suit. The result is that I resolve this issue in favour of the appellant”, (sic). At page 345, His Lordship, further stated inter alia, as follows: “And having regard to the fact that this issue is one of competence and jurisdiction, its resolution determines the appeal. I shall not therefore deliberate on the last and third issue as that might be a mere academic exercise. The appeal having succeeded what then is the appropriate consequential order?………. I shall therefore make only such consequential orders which the trial court was competent to make and that is an order striking out the suit. See NEPA v. Ugbaja (supra) at 117. I take this cautious approach so as to avoid the danger of an order that may be construed as having determined the self-same suit at the court below on the merits”. His Lordship finally declared the entire proceedings in the trial court including the judgment, null and void and set the same aside. He struck out the suit for being incompetent. I note that Adekeye, JCA also allowed the appeal in part, but associated himself/herself with the consequential orders including costs in the lead judgment. But at page 348 of the proceedings, His Lordship stated inter alia, as follows: “Where the facts in the affidavit and counter-affidavit are in conflict – it is the law that in such a situation oral evidence shall be given to resolve the conflict Falobi v. Falobi 1976 9 & 10 S.C.1; C.U. Mboji & Sons. Ltd. v. A. I. Ahumanya (2000) 6 NWLR (Pt.669) page 498”. “Generally speaking originating summons should only be applicable in circumstances where there is no dispute on questions of fact or even the likelihood of such dispute. It should not be seen as a substitute for initiating contentious issues of fact. Consequently, originating summons should only be applicable in such circumstances as where there is no dispute on questions of fact or even the likelihood of such dispute National Bank of Nig Ltd. v. Lady Ayodele Alakija & 1 or (1978) 9 & 10 S.C. Pg 59; Chief T.A. Doherty v. R.A. Doherty (1968) NMLR Pg 241; Oloyo v. Alegbe (1983) 2 SCNLR Pg 35 at 67 UNILAG v. M.I. Aigoro (1991) 3 NWLR (Pt 170) Pg 376. I subscribe to the conclusion that the finding of the learned trial judge that the action was properly commenced and initiated by originating summons was wrong in the circumstances of the prevailing facts, and that same shall be set aside for being perverse. Ebba v. Ogodo 1984 1 SCNLR Pg 372; Akinloye v. Eyiyola (1968) NNLR 92, Iriri v. Erhuohobeva (1994) 2 NWLR (Pt 173) page. 252, Woluchem v. Gudi (1981) 5 S C 291; Nwokoro v. Nwosu (1994) 4 NWLR (Pt. 337) at 172”. It is now firmly settled that an Originating Summons, is an unusual method of commencing proceedings in the High Court and it is confined to cases where special statutory provisions exist for its application. It is not advisable, to make use of this procedure for hostile proceedings where the facts are in dispute as in the instant case leading to this appeal. The cases of Doherty v. Doherty (supra) and the other two cases referred to by the court below, have put to rest, any doubt as to when it is appropriate to institute an action by originating summons. I note with satisfaction, that the 1st Respondent in his Brief from paragraphs 8.6 to paragraph 8.19, concede honourably, that the court below was right in its findings, that the case was not properly commenced and/or initiated by originating summons. I commend his learned counsel. I agree with the learned counsel for the 1st to 5th Appellants, that sometimes, it is advisable for the court below, to express an opinion on the substantive issue even when it holds that it lacks jurisdiction. See Katto v. Central Bank of Nigeria (1991) 9 NWLR (Pt.214) 126 at 149-150; (1991) 12 SCNJ. 1 – per Akpata, JSC – i.e. it is always done in the alternative. See also the case of NPA v. Panalpina World Transport (Nig.) Ltd. (1974) (1) NWLR 83 at 85 also cited and relied on in the 1st to 5th Respondents’ Brief. But where, as in the instant case, the law is settled about the appropriateness of using the Writ of Summons and not an Originating Summons where the merits are in dispute or likely to be in dispute, have now been firmly established. In the instant case, Onalaja JCA (Rtd), rightly referred to the decided authorities of this Court in respect thereof. As rightly held by Tabai, JCA (as he then was), the determination of that issue, should have been the end of that appeal without the court below,-going into other issues which I agree amounted, with respect, to an academic exercise. As it stands, I uphold the minority dissenting Judgment of Tabai, JCA (as he then was). I allow the appeal, set aside the majority judgment in respect of dismissing the suit instead of striking it out. The order I make therefore, is that the suit be and it is hereby, remitted back to the Oyo State High Court for its being heard de novo by another Judge after the filing and exchange of pleadings by the parties. See Order 38 Rule 5 of the Oyo State High Court (Civil Procedure) Rules, 1988 and Order 2 Rule 2 of the said Rules. Costs follow the events. The Appellants are entitled to costs fixed at N10,000.00 (ten thousand naira) payable to them by the Respondents.

SC.79/2002