Section 45 Indian Evidence Act 1872
Section 45 of the Indian Evidence Act 1872 is about ‘Opinions of experts’. It is under ‘OPINIONS OF THIRD PERSONS WHEN RELEVANT’ of Chapter II of the Act. Chapter II is titled ‘OF THE RELEVANCY OF FACTS‘.
Opinions of experts
When the Court has to form an opinion upon a point of foreign law or of science, or art, or as to identity of handwriting, [or finger impressions], the opinions upon that point of persons specially skilled in such foreign law, science or art, [or in questions as to identity of handwriting] [or finger impressions] are relevant facts.
Such persons are called experts.
Illustrations
(a) The question is, whether the death of A was caused by poison.
The opinions of experts as to the symptoms produced by the poison by which A is supposed to have died, are relevant.
(b) The question is, whether A, at the time of doing a certain act, was, by reason of unsoundness of mind, incapable of knowing the nature of the act, or that he was doing what was either wrong or contrary to law.
The opinions of experts upon the question whether the symptoms exhibited by A commonly show unsoundness of mind, and whether such unsoundness of mind usually renders persons incapable of knowing the nature of the acts which they do, or of knowing that what they do is either wrong or contrary to law, are relevant.
(c) The question is, whether a certain document was written by A. Another document is produced which is proved or admitted to have been written by A.
The opinions of experts on the question whether the two documents were written by the same person or by different persons, are relevant.
See also:
Section 44 Indian Evidence Act 1872 (Fraud or collusion in obtaining judgment, or incompetency of Court, may be proved)