United Nations Security Council Resolution 1398 – Situation between Eritrea and Ethiopia
Resolution 1398 (2002)
The Security Council,
Recalling resolutions 1298 (2000) of 17 May 2000, 1308 (2000) of 17 July2000, 1312 (2000) of 31 July 2000, 1320 (2000) of 15 September 2000, 1344 (2001)of 15 March 2001 and 1369 (2001) of 14 September 2001, the statements of Its President of 9 February 2001 (S/PRST/2001/4), 15 May 2001 (S/PRST/2001/14) and of 15 January 2002 (S/PRST/2002/1), and all other relevant previous resolutions and statements pertaining to the situation between Ethiopia and Eritrea,
Further recalling the report of 27 February 2002 of the Security Council Mission to Ethiopia and Eritrea undertaken in the period 21 to 25 February 2002(S/2002/205),
Reaffirming the commitment of all Member States to the sovereignty,independence and territorial integrity of Ethiopia and Eritrea,
Further reaffirming the need for both parties to fulfil their obligations under international law, including international humanitarian law, human rights law and refugee law, and to ensure the safety of all personnel of the United Nations, the international Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) and other humanitarian organizations,
Reaffirming its strong support for the Comprehensive Peace Agreement between the Government of the State of Eritrea and the Government of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, signed in Algiers on 12 December 2000(S/2000/1183), and the preceding Agreement on Cessation of Hostilities(S/2000/601), signed in Algiers on 18 June 2000 (hereafter referred to collectivelyas the “Algiers Agreements”),
Further reaffirming its strong support for the help in implementing the Algiers Agreements continuously provided by the Secretary-General and his Special Representative, including through their good offices,
Reaffirming its strong support for the role played by the United Nations Mission in Ethiopia and Eritrea (UNMEE) in the implementation of its mandate and facilitation of a peaceful settlement of the dispute,
Further reaffirming its strong support for the Organization of African Unity(OAU) Liaison Mission in Ethiopia-Eritrea (OLMEE) and inviting the Secretary-General of OAU to continue the organization’s full support of the peace process,
Having considered the report of the Secretary-General of 8 March 2002(S/2002/245),
- Decides to extend the mandate of UNMEE at the troop and militaryobserver levels authorized by its resolution 1320 (2000) until 15 September 2002;
2. Expresses its satisfaction and anticipation that a final legal settlement ofthe border issues is about to be reached in accordance with the Algiers Agreements,and welcomes in this regard recent statements by both parties reaffirming that theupcoming border delimitation determination (hereafter referred to as “the decision”)by the Boundary Commission is final and binding;
3. Commends the parties on the progress made thus far in implementing the Algiers Agreements, including the continued observance of the Temporary Security Zone (TSZ) and the steps taken in cooperation with the United Nations Cartographer to prepare for the implementation of the decision by the Boundary Commission onceit is announced;
4. Calls on the parties to cooperate fully and expeditiously with UNMEE inthe further implementation of its mandate, to abide scrupulously by the letter and spirit of their agreements and to engage closely with the Special Representative of the Secretary-General regarding the implementation of the decision by the Boundary Commission, including expeditiously engaging with UNMEE on their plans for thedemining necessary for demarcation;
5. Emphasizes the importance of ensuring expeditious implementation ofthe upcoming decision by the Boundary Commission while maintaining stability in all areas affected by the decision, and encourages the parties to consider furtherpractical ways and means of conducting implementation-related consultations,possibly through appropriate strengthening of the Military Coordination Commission and/or other arrangement with the support of the guarantors, facilitatorsand witnesses of the Algiers Agreements;
6. Further emphasizes that in accordance with article 14 of the Agreementon Cessation of Hostilities, the security arrangements are to remain in effect, andthat, accordingly, arrangements for the separation of forces, as achieved by the TSZ,will continue to be of key importance;
7. Emphasizes that any transfer of territory and civil authority, as well as population movements and movements of troops, pursuant to the decision by theBoundary Commission, should take place in an orderly manner through dialogueand modalities facilitated by the United Nations, in accordance with article 4.16 ofthe Comprehensive Peace Agreement, and without any unilateral actions;
8. Further emphasizes that until the border demarcation has beencompleted, UNMEE will continue to discharge its mandate;
9. Emphasizes its resolve to support the parties in the implementation of thedecision by the Boundary Commission and invites the Secretary-General to submit,as soon as possible, recommendations to the Council on how UNMEE can play anappropriate role in the border demarcation process, including with regard to demining for demarcation, taking into account the decision by the Boundary Commission, the contributions by the parties, the capacity of UNMEE and the resources available in the United Nations Trust Fund in support of the Delimitation And Demarcation of the Border between Ethiopia and Eritrea;
10. Calls again on Eritrea, notwithstanding the prior notification procedure,to provide UNMEE with full freedom of movement to monitor the redeployed forces, to disclose the number, strength and disposition of its militia and policeinside the TSZ, and to conclude the status-of-forces agreement with the Secretary-General;
11. Urges Ethiopia to provide the United Nations Mine Action Coordination Centre with clarifications to the information already put forward, as promised in thisregard;
12. Expresses its concern that there has been no progress regarding the establishment of a direct high-altitude flight route for UNMEE between Asmara andAddis Ababa, and calls again on the parties to work with the Special Representativeof the Secretary-General in a spirit of compromise to settle the issue for the mutualbenefit of all;
13. Calls on the parties to release and return without further delay all remaining prisoners of war and civilian internees under the auspices of the ICRC inaccordance with the Geneva Conventions and the Algiers Agreements;
14. Further calls on the parties to take other measures that will buildconfidence and promote reconciliation between the two peoples for their mutual benefit, including by affording humane treatment to each other’s nationals inaccordance with the Algiers Agreements; facilitating sustainable reintegration ofrefugees, internally displaced persons and demobilized soldiers; promoting cross-border contacts at the local level aimed at resolving disputes and rebuildingcommunity relations; and by facilitating further dialogue among civil society at alllevels in the two countries, such as that recently undertaken by the religious leaders;
15. Encourages the parties to make arrangements enabling UNMEE todisseminate information to relevant population groups in the mission area about thedelimitation and demarcation of the border between the two countries and the role ofthe United Nations in this regard;
16. Further encourages the parties to focus on reconstruction and development of their economies and on improving their relations, for the benefit ofall the people and with the view to promoting regional peace and security;
17. Encourages the guarantors, facilitators and witnesses of the Algiers Agreements to provide their continued support for the peace process and invites all States and international organizations to support the process, including by exercising the highest degree of responsibility in discouraging arms flows to the region and through providing contributions to the Trust Fund to Support the Peace Process in Ethiopia and Eritrea, the Trust Fund for the Delimitation and Demarcation of the Border between Ethiopia and Eritrea and to the United Nations Consolidated Appeals Process for 2002;
18. Decides to remain actively seized of the matter.
Adopted by the Security Council at its 4494th meeting, on 15 March 2002.
