United Nations Security Council Resolution 1483 – Situation between Iraq and Kuwait

Resolution 1483 (2003)

The Security Council,

Recalling all its previous relevant resolutions,

Reaffirming the sovereignty and territorial integrity of Iraq,

Reaffirming also the importance of the disarmament of Iraqi weapons of mass destruction and of eventual confirmation of the disarmament of Iraq,

Stressing the right of the Iraqi people freely to determine their own political future and control their own natural resources, welcoming the commitment of all parties concerned to support the creation of an environment in which they may do soas soon as possible, and expressing resolve that the day when Iraqis govern themselves must come quickly,

Encouraging efforts by the people of Iraq to form a representative government based on the rule of law that affords equal rights and justice to all Iraqi citizens without regard to ethnicity, religion, or gender, and, in this connection, recalld resolution 1325 (2000) of 31 October 2000,

Welcoming the first steps of the Iraqi people in this regard, and noting in thisconnection the 15 April 2003 Nasiriyah statement and the 28 April 2003 Baghdadstatement,

Resolved that the United Nations should play a vital role in humanitarian relief, the reconstruction of Iraq, and the restoration and establishment of nationaland local institutions for representative governance,

Noting the statement of 12 April 2003 by the Ministers of Finance and Central Bank Governors of the Group of Seven Industrialized Nations in which the members recognized the need for a multilateral effort to help rebuild and develop Iraq and forthe need for assistance from the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank in these efforts,

Welcoming also the resumption of humanitarian assistance and the continuingefforts of the Secretary-General and the specialized agencies to provide food andmedicine to the people of Iraq,

Welcoming the appointment by the Secretary-General of his Special Adviser onIraq,

Affirming the need for accountability for crimes and atrocities committed bythe previous Iraqi regime,

Stressing the need for respect for the archaeological, historical, cultural, andreligious heritage of Iraq, and for the continued protection of archaeological,historical, cultural, and religious sites, museums, libraries, and monuments,

Noting the letter of 8 May 2003 from the Permanent Representatives of the United States of America and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland to the President of the Security Council (S/2003/538) and recognizing thespecific authorities, responsibilities, and obligations under applicable internationallaw of these states as occupying powers under unified command (the “Authority”),

Noting further that other States that are not occupying powers are working now or in the future may work under the Authority,

Welcoming further the willingness of Member States to contribute to stability and security in Iraq by contributing personnel, equipment, and other resources under the Authority,Concerned that many Kuwaitis and Third-State Nationals still are notaccounted for since 2 August 1990,

Determining that the situation in Iraq, although improved, continues toconstitute a threat to international peace and security,

Acting under Chapter VII of the Charter of the United Nations,

1. Appeals to Member States and concerned organizations to assist the people of Iraq in their efforts to reform their institutions and rebuild their country,and to contribute to conditions of stability and security in Iraq in accordance withthis resolution;

2. Calls upon all Member States in a position to do so to respond immediately to the humanitarian appeals of the United Nations and other international organizations for Iraq and to help meet the humanitarian and other needs of the Iraqi people by providing food, medical supplies, and resources necessary for reconstruction and rehabilitation of Iraq’s economic infrastructure;

3. Appeals to Member States to deny safe haven to those members of the previous Iraqi regime who are alleged to be responsible for crimes and atrocities andto support actions to bring them to justice;

4. Calls upon the Authority, consistent with the Charter of the United Nations and other relevant international law, to promote the welfare of the Iraqipeople through the effective administration of the territory, including in particularworking towards the restoration of conditions of security and stability and thecreation of conditions in which the Iraqi people can freely determine their ownpolitical future;

5. Calls upon all concerned to comply fully with their obligations under international law including in particular the Geneva Conventions of 1949 and theHague Regulations of 1907;

6. Calls upon the Authority and relevant organizations and individuals to continue efforts to locate, identify, and repatriate all Kuwaiti and Third-State Nationals or the remains of those present in Iraq on or after 2 August 1990, as well as the Kuwaiti archives, that the previous Iraqi regime failed to undertake, and, inthis regard, directs the High-Level Coordinator, in consultation with the International Committee of the Red Cross and the Tripartite Commission and withthe appropriate support of the people of Iraq and in coordination with the Authority,to take steps to fulfil his mandate with respect to the fate of Kuwaiti and Third-State National missing persons and property;

7. Decides that all Member States shall take appropriate steps to facilitate the safe return to Iraqi institutions of Iraqi cultural property and other items ofarchaeological, historical, cultural, rare scientific, and religious importance illegallyremoved from the Iraq National Museum, the National Library, and other locationsin Iraq since the adoption of resolution 661 (1990) of 6 August 1990, including byestablishing a prohibition on trade in or transfer of such items and items with respectto which reasonable suspicion exists that they have been illegally removed, andcalls upon the United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization,Interpol, and other international organizations, as appropriate, to assist in theimplementation of this paragraph;

8. Requests the Secretary-General to appoint a Special Representative for Iraq whose independent responsibilities shall involve reporting regularly to the Council on his activities under this resolution, coordinating activities of the United Nations in post-conflict processes in Iraq, coordinating among United Nations and international agencies engaged in humanitarian assistance and reconstructionactivities in Iraq, and, in coordination with the Authority, assisting the people ofIraq through:

(a) coordinating humanitarian and reconstruction assistance by UnitedNations agencies and between United Nations agencies and non-governmental organizations;

(b) promoting the safe, orderly, and voluntary return of refugees and displaced persons;

(c) working intensively with the Authority, the people of Iraq, and others concerned to advance efforts to restore and establish national and local institutions for representative governance, including by working together to facilitate a process leading to an internationally recognized, representative government of Iraq;

(d) facilitating the reconstruction of key infrastructure, in cooperation with other international organizations;

(e) promoting economic reconstruction and the conditions for sustainable development, including through coordination with national and regional organizations, as appropriate, civil society, donors, and the international financial institutions;

(f) encouraging international efforts to contribute to basic civilian administration functions;

(g) promoting the protection of human rights;

(h) encouraging international efforts to rebuild the capacity of the Iraqi Civilian police force; and

9. Supports the formation, by the people of Iraq with the help of the Authority and working with the Special Representative, of an Iraqi interim administration as a transitional administration run by Iraqis, until an internationally recognized, representative government is established by the people of Iraq andassumes the responsibilities of the Authority;

10. Decides that, with the exception of prohibitions related to the sale or supply to Iraq of arms and related materiel other than those arms and related material required by the Authority to serve the purposes of this and other related resolutions, all prohibitions related to trade with Iraq and the provision of financial or economic resources to Iraq established by resolution 661 (1990) and subsequent relevant resolutions, including resolution 778 (1992) of 2 October 1992, shall nolonger apply;

11. Reaffirms that Iraq must meet its disarmament obligations, encourages the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and the United States ofAmerica to keep the Council informed of their activities in this regard, and underlines the intention of the Council to revisit the mandates of the United NationsMonitoring, Verification, and Inspection Commission and the International AtomicEnergy Agency as set forth in resolutions 687 (1991) of 3 April 1991, 1284 (1999)of 17 December 1999, and 1441 (2002) of 8 November 2002;

12. Notes the establishment of a Development Fund for Iraq to be held by the Central Bank of Iraq and to be audited by independent public accountants approved by the International Advisory and Monitoring Board of the Development Fund for Iraq and looks forward to the early meeting of that International Advisory andMonitoring Board, whose members shall include duly qualified representatives ofthe Secretary-General, of the Managing Director of the International MonetaryFund, of the Director-General of the Arab Fund for Social and EconomicDevelopment, and of the President of the World Bank;

13. Notes further that the funds in the Development Fund for Iraq shall bedisbursed at the direction of the Authority, in consultation with the Iraqi interimadministration, for the purposes set out in paragraph 14 below;

14. Underlines that the Development Fund for Iraq shall be used in atransparent manner to meet the humanitarian needs of the Iraqi people, for theeconomic reconstruction and repair of Iraq’s infrastructure, for the continueddisarmament of Iraq, and for the costs of Iraqi civilian administration, and for otherpurposes benefiting the people of Iraq;

15. Calls upon the international financial institutions to assist the people ofIraq in the reconstruction and development of their economy and to facilitateassistance by the broader donor community, and welcomes the readiness of creditors,including those of the Paris Club, to seek a solution to Iraq’s sovereign debtproblems;

16. Requests also that the Secretary-General, in coordination with the Authority, continue the exercise of his responsibilities under Security Councilresolution 1472 (2003) of 28 March 2003 and 1476 (2003) of 24 April 2003, for aperiod of six months following the adoption of this resolution, and terminate withinthis time period, in the most cost effective manner, the ongoing operations of the“Oil-for-Food” Programme (the “Programme”), both at headquarters level and in thefield, transferring responsibility for the administration of any remaining activityunder the Programme to the Authority, including by taking the following necessarymeasures:

(a) to facilitate as soon as possible the shipment and authenticated deliveryof priority civilian goods as identified by the Secretary-General and representatives designated by him, in coordination with the Authority and the Iraqi interimadministration, under approved and funded contracts previously concluded by theprevious Government of Iraq, for the humanitarian relief of the people of Iraq,including, as necessary, negotiating adjustments in the terms or conditions of thesecontracts and respective letters of credit as set forth in paragraph 4 (d) of resolution1472 (2003);

(b) to review, in light of changed circumstances, in coordination with theAuthority and the Iraqi interim administration, the relative utility of each approved and funded contract with a view to determining whether such contracts contain items required to meet the needs of the people of Iraq both now and during reconstruction, and to postpone action on those contracts determined to be of questionable utility and the respective letters of credit until an internationally recognized, representative government of Iraq is in a position to make its owndetermination as to whether such contracts shall be fulfilled;

(c) to provide the Security Council within 21 days following the adoption ofthis resolution, for the Security Council’s review and consideration, an estimatedoperating budget based on funds already set aside in the account establishedpursuant to paragraph 8 (d) of resolution 986 (1995) of 14 April 1995, identifying:

(i) all known and projected costs to the United Nations required to ensurethe continued functioning of the activities associated with implementation ofthe present resolution, including operating and administrative expensesassociated with the relevant United Nations agencies and programmesresponsible for the implementation of the Programme both at Headquarters andin the field;

(ii) all known and projected costs associated with termination of theProgramme;

(iii) all known and projected costs associated with restoring Government ofIraq funds that were provided by Member States to the Secretary-General asrequested in paragraph 1 of resolution 778 (1992); and

(d) to consolidate into a single fund the accounts established pursuant toparagraphs 8 (a) and 8 (b) of resolution 986 (1995);

(e) to fulfil all remaining obligations related to the termination of theProgramme, including negotiating, in the most cost effective manner, any necessarysettlement payments, which shall be made from the escrow accounts establishedpursuant to paragraphs 8 (a) and 8 (b) of resolution 986 (1995), with those partiesthat previously have entered into contractual obligations with the Secretary-Generalunder the Programme, and to determine, in coordination with the Authority and theIraqi interim administration, the future status of contracts undertaken by the UnitedNations and related United Nations agencies under the accounts established pursuantto paragraphs 8 (b) and 8 (d) of resolution 986 (1995);

(f) to provide the Security Council, 30 days prior to the termination of theProgramme, with a comprehensive strategy developed in close coordination with the Authority and the Iraqi interim administration that would lead to the delivery of all relevant documentation and the transfer of all operational responsibility of the Programme to the Authority;

17. Requests further that the Secretary-General transfer as soon as possible tothe Development Fund for Iraq 1 billion United States dollars from unencumbered funds in the accounts established pursuant to paragraphs 8 (a) and 8 (b) of resolution986 (1995), restore Government of Iraq funds that were provided by Member Statesto the Secretary-General as requested in paragraph 1 of resolution 778 (1992), and decides that, after deducting all relevant United Nations expenses associated withthe shipment of authorized contracts and costs to the Programme outlined inparagraph 16 (c) above, including residual obligations, all surplus funds in theescrow accounts established pursuant to paragraphs 8 (a), 8 (b), 8 (d), and 8 (f) ofresolution 986 (1995) shall be transferred at the earliest possible time to theDevelopment Fund for Iraq;

18. Decides to terminate effective on the adoption of this resolution the functions related to the observation and monitoring activities undertaken by the Secretary-General under the Programme, including the monitoring of the export of petroleum and petroleum products from Iraq;

19. Decides to terminate the Committee established pursuant to paragraph 6of resolution 661 (1990) at the conclusion of the six month period called for in paragraph 16 above and further decides that the Committee shall identify individuals and entities referred to in paragraph 23 below;

20. Decides that all export sales of petroleum, petroleum products, and natural gas from Iraq following the date of the adoption of this resolution shall be made consistent with prevailing international market best practices, to be audited by independent public accountants reporting to the International Advisory and Monitoring Board referred to in paragraph 12 above in order to ensure transparency,and decides further that, except as provided in paragraph 21 below, all proceeds from such sales shall be deposited into the Development Fund for Iraq until suchtime as an internationally recognized, representative government of Iraq is properlyconstituted;

21. Decides further that 5 per cent of the proceeds referred to in paragraph 20 above shall be deposited into the Compensation Fund established in accordance with resolution 687 (1991) and subsequent relevant resolutions and that, unless an internationally recognized, representative government of Iraq and the Governing Council of the United Nations Compensation Commission, in the exercise of itsauthority over methods of ensuring that payments are made into the Compensation Fund, decide otherwise, this requirement shall be binding on a properly constituted,internationally recognized, representative government of Iraq and any success thereto;

22. Noting the relevance of the establishment of an internationally recognized, representative government of Iraq and the desirability of prompt completion of the restructuring of Iraq’s debt as referred to in paragraph 15 above,further decides that, until December 31, 2007, unless the Council decides otherwise,petroleum, petroleum products, and natural gas originating in Iraq shall be immune,until title passes to the initial purchaser from legal proceedings against them and notbe subject to any form of attachment, garnishment, or execution, and that all States shall take any steps that may be necessary under their respective domestic legalsystems to assure this protection, and that proceeds and obligations arising fromsales thereof, as well as the Development Fund for Iraq, shall enjoy privileges and immunities equivalent to those enjoyed by the United Nations except that the above-mentioned privileges and immunities will not apply with respect to any legalproceeding in which recourse to such proceeds or obligations is necessary to satisfyliability for damages assessed in connection with an ecological accident, includingan oil spill, that occurs after the date of adoption of this resolution;

23. Decides that all Member States in which there are:

(a) funds or other financial assets or economic resources of the previous Government of Iraq or its state bodies, corporations, or agencies, located outside Iraq as of the date of this resolution, or(b) funds or other financial assets or economic resources that have been removed from Iraq, or acquired, by Saddam Hussein or other senior officials of the former Iraqi regime and their immediate family members, including entities owned or

24. Requests the Secretary-General to report to the Council at regular intervals on the work of the Special Representative with respect to the implementation of this resolution and on the work of the International Advisory and Monitoring Board and encourages the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and the United States of America to inform the Council at regular intervals of their efforts under this resolution;

25. Decides to review the implementation of this resolution within twelve months of adoption and to consider further steps that might be necessary;

26. Calls upon Member States and international and regional organizations tocontribute to the implementation of this resolution;

27. Decides to remain seized of this matter.

Adopted by the Security Council at its 4761st meeting, on 22 May 2003.