United Nations Security Council Resolution 1625 – Threats to international peace and security (Security Council Summit 2005)

Resolution 1625 (2005)

The Security Council,

Decides to adopt the attached declaration on strengthening the effectiveness ofthe Security Council’s role in conflict prevention, particularly in Africa.

Annex

The Security Council,

Meeting on 14 September 2005 at the level of Heads of State and Governmentto discuss how to strengthen the effectiveness of the Security Council’s role in theprevention of armed conflict, particularly in Africa,

Reaffirming its commitment to the Purposes and Principles of the Charter ofthe United Nations,Bearing in mind its primary responsibility for the maintenance of internationalpeace and security,

Deeply concerned by the high human cost and material losses caused by armed conflicts and recognizing that peace, security and development are mutually reinforcing, including in the prevention of armed conflict,

Reaffirming the importance of adhering to the principles of refraining, in international relations, from the threat or the use of force in any manner inconsistent with the Purposes of the United Nations, and of peaceful settlement of international disputes,

Reaffirming the need to adopt a broad strategy of conflict prevention, whichaddresses the root causes of armed conflict and political and social crises in acomprehensive manner, including by promoting sustainable development, povertyeradication, national reconciliation, good governance, democracy, gender equality,the rule of law and respect for and protection of human rights,

Recognizing the need to strengthen the important role of the United Nations inthe prevention of violent conflicts, and to develop effective partnerships between theCouncil and regional organizations, in particular the African Union and its subregional organizations, in order to enable early responses to disputes andemerging crises;

Recalling the Constitutive Act of the African Union, the Protocol relating tothe establishment of the Peace and Security Council of the African Union, and the African Union Non-Aggression and Common Defence Pact adopted in Abuja on31 January 2005, as well as the African Union position on unconstitutional changesof governments, as stated in the 1999 Algiers Declaration and the 2000 LoméDeclaration;

Recognizing the important supporting roles played by civil society, men and women, in conflict prevention, and the need to take into account all possible contributions from civil society;

1. Expresses its determination to enhance the effectiveness of the UnitedNations in preventing armed conflicts and to monitor closely situations of potentialarmed conflict;

2. Affirms its determination to strengthen United Nations conflictprevention capacities by:

(a) assessing regularly the developments in regions at risk of armed conflictand encouraging the Secretary-General to provide information to the Council onsuch developments pursuant to Article 99 of the Charter;

(b) promoting the follow-up of preventive-diplomacy initiatives of the Secretary-General;

(c) supporting regional mediation initiatives in close consultation withregional and subregional organizations concerned;

(d) supporting regional and subregional capacities for early warning to helpthem in working out appropriate mechanisms to enable prompt action in reaction toearly warning indicators;

(e) requesting as necessary and appropriate information and assistance fromthe Economic and Social Council in accordance with Article 65 of the United Nations Charter;

(f) taking measures to contribute to combating illicit trade of arms in all itsaspects and the use of mercenaries;

(g) helping to enhance durable institutions conducive to peace, stability andsustainable development;

(h) supporting efforts of African States to build independent and reliablenational judicial institutions;

3. Requests the Secretary-General to:

(a) provide to the Council regular reports and analysis of developments inregions of potential armed conflicts, particularly in Africa, and as appropriate apresentation of ongoing preventive-diplomacy initiatives;

(b) assist countries at risk of armed conflict in performing strategic conflict risk assessments, in implementing the measures agreed by the concerned countries,in enhancing national dispute management capacities, and in addressing the rootcauses of armed conflict;

(c) promote coordination with regional conflict management machinery inAfrica which would provide the Security Council with additional reliable and timely information to facilitate rapid decision-making;

4. Stresses the importance of establishing effective comprehensive strategies of conflict prevention, focused on averting negative developments in the security, economic, social and humanitarian sectors and in the field of governanceand human rights in countries which are facing crises, with special attention to:

(a) developing quick win activities to prevent conflicts arising from competition for economic resources and to monitoring tension arising from economic and social issues;

(b) encouraging United Nations regional offices to facilitate theimplementation of strategies aimed at curbing illicit cross-border activities;

(c) strengthening the capacities of civil society groups, including women’sgroups, working to promote a culture of peace, and to mobilize donors to supportthese efforts;

(d) developing policy measures to foster good governance and the protectionof human rights in order to strengthen weakened or collapsed governancemechanisms and to end the culture of impunity;

(e) promoting the fairness and transparency of electoral processes;

5. Stresses the critical importance of a regional approach to conflictprevention, particularly to programmes of disarmament, demobilization andreintegration, as well as the effective and sustainable reintegration of ex-combatants;

6. Reaffirms its determination to take action against illegal exploitation andtrafficking of natural resources and high-value commodities in areas where itcontributes to the outbreak, escalation or continuation of armed conflict;

7. Calls for the strengthening of cooperation and communication betweenthe United Nations and regional or subregional organizations or arrangements, inaccordance with Chapter VIII of the Charter, particularly with respect to mediation initiatives;

8. Encourages all African States to adhere to the African Union Non-Aggression and Common Defence Pact adopted in Abuja on 31 January 2005, and tosign where appropriate subregional pacts on peace, security, democracy, goodgovernance and development, and calls on the United Nations system and theinternational community to support the implementation of the Pacts;

9. Encourages also African countries to continue to work closely with theUnited Nations Secretariat and United Nations regional offices in theimplementation of measures aimed at securing peace, security, stability, democracy and sustainable development consistent with the objectives of the New Partnershipfor Africa’s Development;

10. Urges the international community including the United Nations systemand International Financial Institutions to support African countries in their effortsto achieve the above objectives and in this respect welcomes the decisions taken bythe G-8 Summit held in Gleneagles, 6-8 July 2005, for combating poverty in Africa;

11. Urges all African States and the international community to fully cooperate in developing the capacities of African regional and subregional organizations to deploy both civilian and military assets quickly when needed,including the development of the African Union’s African Standby Force; welcomesbilateral and multilateral programmes developed to this end, and expresses itssupport for the Secretary-General’s proposal to establish a ten-year capacity-building programme for the African Union;

12. Decides to remain seized of the matter.

Adopted by the Security Council at its 5261st meeting, on 14 September 2005.