United Nations Security Council Resolution 1674 – Protection of civilians in armed conflict

Resolution 1674 (2006)

The Security Council,

Reaffirming its resolutions 1265 (1999) and 1296 (2000) on the protection ofcivilians in armed conflict, its various resolutions on children and armed conflict and on women, peace and security, as well as its resolution 1631 (2005) on cooperation between the United Nations and regional organizations in maintaining international peace and security, and further reaffirming its determination to ensurerespect for, and follow-up to, these resolutions,

Reaffirming its commitment to the Purposes of the Charter of the United Nations as set out in Article 1 (1-4) of the Charter, and to the Principles of theCharter as set out in Article 2 (1-7) of the Charter, including its commitment to theprinciples of the political independence, sovereign equality and territorial integrityof all States, and respect for the sovereignty of all States,

Acknowledging that peace and security, development and human rights are the pillars of the United Nations system and the foundations for collective security and well-being, and recognizing in this regard that development, peace and security andhuman rights are interlinked and mutually reinforcing,

Expressing its deep regret that civilians account for the vast majority ofcasualties in situations of armed conflict,

Gravely concerned with the effects of the illicit exploitation and trafficking ofnatural resources, as well as the illicit trafficking of small arms and light weapons,and the use of such weapons on civilians affected by armed conflict,

Recognizing the important contribution to the protection of civilians in armed conflict by regional organizations, and acknowledging in this regard, the steps taken by the African Union,

Recognizing the important role that education can play in supporting efforts tohalt and prevent abuses committed against civilians affected by armed conflict, in particular efforts to prevent sexual exploitation, trafficking in humans, and violations of applicable international law regarding the recruitment and re-recruitment of child soldiers,

Recalling the particular impact which armed conflict has on women and children, including as refugees and internally displaced persons, as well as on other civilians who may have specific vulnerabilities, and stressing the protection and assistance needs of all affected civilian populations,

Reaffirming that parties to armed conflict bear the primary responsibility to take all feasible steps to ensure the protection of affected civilians,

Bearing in mind its primary responsibility under the Charter of the United Nations for the maintenance of international peace and security, and underlining the importance of taking measures aimed at conflict prevention and resolution,

1. Notes with appreciation the contribution of the Report of the Secretary-General of 28 November 2005 to its understanding of the issues surrounding theprotection of civilians in armed conflict, and takes note of its conclusions;

2. Emphasizes the importance of preventing armed conflict and its recurrence, and stresses in this context the need for a comprehensive approach through promoting economic growth, poverty eradication, sustainable development,national reconciliation, good governance, democracy, the rule of law, and respectfor, and protection of, human rights, and in this regard, urges the cooperation ofMember States and underlines the importance of a coherent, comprehensive andcoordinated approach by the principal organs of the United Nations, cooperatingwith one another and within their respective mandates;

3. Recalls that deliberately targeting civilians and other protected persons as such in situations of armed conflict is a flagrant violation of international humanitarian law, reiterates its condemnation in the strongest terms of such practices, and demands that all parties immediately put an end to such practices;

4. Reaffirms the provisions of paragraphs 138 and 139 of the 2005 World Summit Outcome Document regarding the responsibility to protect populations from genocide, war crimes, ethnic cleansing and crimes against humanity;

5. Reaffirms also its condemnation in the strongest terms of all acts ofviolence or abuses committed against civilians in situations of armed conflict inviolation of applicable international obligations with respect in particular to

(ii) gender-based and sexual violence,

(iii) violence against children,

(iv) the recruitment and use of child soldiers,

(v) trafficking in humans,

(vi) forced displacement, and

(vii) the intentional denial of humanitarian assistance, and demands that all parties put an end to such practices;

6. Demands that all parties concerned comply strictly with the obligations applicable to them under international law, in particular those contained in theHague Conventions of 1899 and 1907 and in the Geneva Conventions of 1949 andtheir Additional Protocols of 1977, as well as with the decisions of the SecurityCouncil;

7. Reaffirms that ending impunity is essential if a society in conflict or recovering from conflict is to come to terms with past abuses committed against civilians affected by armed conflict and to prevent future such abuses, drawsattention to the full range of justice and reconciliation mechanisms to be considered,including national, international and “mixed” criminal courts and tribunals and truthand reconciliation commissions, and notes that such mechanisms can promote not only individual responsibility for serious crimes, but also peace, truth, reconciliationand the rights of the victims;

8. Emphasizes in this context the responsibility of States to comply withtheir relevant obligations to end impunity and to prosecute those responsible for war crimes, genocide, crimes against humanity and serious violations of international humanitarian law, while recognizing, for States in or recovering from armed conflict, the need to restore or build independent national judicial systems andinstitutions;

9. Calls on States that have not already done so to consider ratifying the instruments of international humanitarian, human rights and refugee law, and to take appropriate legislative, judicial and administrative measures to implement their obligations under these instruments;

10. Demands that all States fully implement all relevant decisions of the Security Council, and in this regard cooperate fully with United Nations Peacekeeping missions and country teams in the follow-up and implementation ofthese resolutions;

11. Calls upon all parties concerned to ensure that all peace processes, peace agreements and post-conflict recovery and reconstruction planning have regard forthe special needs of women and children and include specific measures for theprotection of civilians including

(i) the cessation of attacks on civilians,

(ii) thefacilitation of the provision of humanitarian assistance,

(iii) the creation ofconditions conducive to the voluntary, safe, dignified and sustainable return ofrefugees and internally displaced persons,

(iv) the facilitation of early access toeducation and training,

(v) the re-establishment of the rule of law, and

(vi) the ending of impunity;

12. Recalls the prohibition of the forcible displacement of civilians insituations of armed conflict under circumstances that are in violation of parties’obligations under international humanitarian law;

13. Urges the international community to provide support and assistance to enable States to fulfil their responsibilities regarding the protection of refugees andother persons protected under international humanitarian law;

14. Reaffirms the need to maintain the security and civilian character of refugee and internally displaced person camps, stresses the primary responsibility of States in this regard, and encourages the Secretary-General where necessary and inthe context of existing peacekeeping operations and their respective mandates, totake all feasible measures to ensure security in and around such camps and of their inhabitants;

15. Expresses its intention of continuing its collaboration with the United Nations Emergency Relief Coordinator, and invites the Secretary-General to fully associate him from the earliest stages of the planning of United Nations peacekeeping and other relevant missions;

16. Reaffirms its practice of ensuring that the mandates of United Nations Peacekeeping, political and peacebuilding missions include, where appropriate andon a case-by-case basis, provisions regarding (i) the protection of civilians,particularly those under imminent threat of physical danger within their zones ofoperation, (ii) the facilitation of the provision of humanitarian assistance, and (iii) the creation of conditions conducive to the voluntary, safe, dignified andsustainable return of refugees and internally displaced persons, and expresses itsintention of ensuring that

(i) such mandates include clear guidelines as to what missions can and should do to achieve those goals,

(ii) the protection of civilians is given priority in decisions about the use of available capacity and resources,including information and intelligence resources, in the implementation of themandates, and

(iii) that protection mandates are implemented;

17. Reaffirms that, where appropriate, United Nations peacekeeping and other relevant missions should provide for the dissemination of information about international humanitarian, human rights and refugee law and the application ofrelevant Security Council resolutions;

18. Underscores the importance of disarmament, demobilization andreintegration of ex-combatants (DDR) in the protection of civilians affected byarmed conflict, and, in this regard, emphasizes

(i) its support for the inclusion in mandates of United Nations peacekeeping and other relevant missions, where appropriate and on a case-by-case basis, of specific and effective measures for DDR,

(ii) the importance of incorporating such activities into specific peaceagreements, where appropriate and in consultation with the parties, and

(iii) theimportance of adequate resources being made available for the full completion ofDDR programmes and activities;

19. Condemns in the strongest terms all sexual and other forms of violence committed against civilians in armed conflict, in particular women and children, undertaken to ensure that all peace support operations employ all feasible measures to prevent such violence and to address its impact where it takes place;

20. Condemns in equally strong terms all acts of sexual exploitation, abuse and trafficking of women and children by military, police and civilian personnel involved in United Nations operations, welcomes the efforts undertaken by United Nations agencies and peacekeeping operations to implement a zero-tolerance policyin this regard, and requests the Secretary-General and personnel-contributingcountries to continue to take all appropriate action necessary to combat these abusesby such personnel, including through the full implementation without delay of thosemeasures adopted in the relevant General Assembly resolutions based upon therecommendations of the report of the Special Committee on Peacekeeping,A/59/19/Rev.1;

21. Stresses the importance for all, within the framework of humanitarian assistance, of upholding and respecting the humanitarian principles of humanity,neutrality, impartiality and independence;

22. Urges all those concerned as set forth in international humanitarian law,including the Geneva Conventions and the Hague Regulations, to allow fullunimpeded access by humanitarian personnel to civilians in need of assistance insituations of armed conflict, and to make available, as far as possible, all necessaryfacilities for their operations, and to promote the safety, security and freedom ofmovement of humanitarian personnel and United Nations and its associatedpersonnel and their assets;

23. Condemns all attacks deliberately targeting United Nations and associated personnel involved in humanitarian missions, as well as other humanitarian personnel, urges States on whose territory such attacks occur to prosecute or extradite those responsible, and welcomes in this regard the adoptionon 8 December 2005 by the General Assembly of the Optional Protocol to theConvention on the Safety of United Nations and Associated Personnel;

24. Recognizes the increasingly valuable role that regional organizations and other intergovernmental institutions play in the protection of civilians, and encourages the Secretary-General and the heads of regional and other intergovernmental organizations to continue their efforts to strengthen theirpartnership in this regard;

25. Reiterates its invitation to the Secretary-General to continue to refer tothe Council relevant information and analysis regarding the protection of civilianswhere he believes that such information or analysis could contribute to theresolution of issues before it, requests him to continue to include in his writtenreports to the Council on matters of which it is seized, as appropriate, observationsrelating to the protection of civilians in armed conflict, and encourages him tocontinue consultations and take concrete steps to enhance the capacity of the UnitedNations in this regard;

26. Notes that the deliberate targeting of civilians and other protected persons, and the commission of systematic, flagrant and widespread violations of international humanitarian and human rights law in situations of armed conflict,may constitute a threat to international peace and security, and, reaffirms in thisregard its readiness to consider such situations and, where necessary, to adopt appropriate steps;

27. Requests the Secretary-General to submit his next report on theprotection of civilians in armed conflict within 18 months of the date of thisresolution;

28. Decides to remain seized of the matter.

Adopted by the Security Council at its 5430th meeting,on 28 April 2006.