United Nations Security Council Resolution 2549 –The situation in Bosnia and HerzegovinaLetter from the President of the Council on the voting outcome (S/2020/1085) and voting details (S/2020/1087)
Resolution 2549 (2020)
The Security Council,
Recalling all its previous relevant resolutions concerning the conflicts in the Former Yugoslavia and relevant statements of its President, including resolutions 1031 (1995) of 15 December 1995, 1088 (1996) of 12 December 1996, 1423 (2002)of 12 July 2002, 1491 (2003) of 11 July 2003, 1551 (2004) of 9 July 2004, 1575 (2004) of 22 November 2004, 1639 (2005) of 21 November 2005, 1722 (2006) of 21 November 2006, 1764 (2007) of 29 June 2007, 1785 (2007) of 21 November 2007,1845 (2008) of 20 November 2008, 1869 (2009) of 25 March 2009, 1895 (2009) of 18 November 2009, 1948 (2010) of 18 November 2010, 2019 (2011) of 16 November 2011, 2074 (2012) of 14 November 2012, 2123 (2013) of 12 November 2013, 2183 (2014) of 11 November 2014, 2247 (2015) of 10 November 2015, 2315 (2016) of 8 November 2016, 2384 (2017) of 7 November 2017, 2443 (2018) of 6 November 2018, and 2496 (2019) of 5 November 2019,
Reaffirming its commitment to the political settlement of the conflicts in the Former Yugoslavia, preserving the sovereignty and territorial integrity of all States there within their internationally recognized borders,
Underlining its commitment to support the implementation of the General Framework Agreement for Peace in Bosnia and Herzegovina and the annexes thereto (collectively the Peace Agreement, S/1995/999, Annex), as well as the relevant decisions of the Peace Implementation Council (PIC),
Recognizing this year as the 25th anniversary of the signing of the Peace Agreement,
Recognizing the importance of Bosnia and Herzegovina’s transition to a functional, reform oriented, and democratic European country,
Noting the reports of the High Representative, including his latest report of 28 October 2020,
Encouraging the authorities of Bosnia and Herzegovina, with the support of the international community, to accelerate their efforts to address the disposal of excess ammunition,
Emphasizing its appreciation to the Commander and personnel of the multinational stabilization force (EUFOR ALTHEA) and the personnel of other international organizations and agencies in Bosnia and Herzegovina for their contributions to the implementation of the Peace Agreement, and taking note ofEUFOR ALTHEA’s strategic review, conducted in 2019,
Recalling all the agreements concerning the status of forces referred to in Appendix B to Annex 1-A of the Peace Agreement, and reminding the parties of their obligation to continue to comply therewith,
Further recalling the provisions of its resolution 1551 (2004) concerning the provisional application of the status of forces agreements contained in Appendix B to Annex 1-A of the Peace Agreement,
Welcoming the continued presence of EUFOR ALTHEA and the EU’s readiness at this stage to continue an executive military role to support Bosnia and Herzegovina authorities to maintain the safe and secure environment, the current focus of its mandate, and its regular review, including on the basis of the situation on the ground,
Reiterating its calls on the competent authorities in Bosnia and Herzegovina to take necessary steps to complete the 5+2 agenda, which remains necessary for closure of the Office of the High Representative, as confirmed by the PIC Steering Board communiqués,
Reaffirming provisions concerning the High Representative as set out in its previous resolutions, and further reaffirming Article V of Annex 10 of the Peace Agreement regarding the High Representative’s final authority in theatre in the interpretation of the civilian implementation of the Agreement,
Taking note of the Peace Agreement and of Bosnia and Herzegovina’s leadership’s commitment towards a European perspective, including through the submission of Bosnia and Herzegovina’s EU membership application in February 2016 and through the implementation of the recommendations in the EU Commission’s Opinion issued in May 2019, and recalling that Bosnia and Herzegovina’s commitment needs to be translated urgently into comprehensive reform results on the ground,
Underscoring the urgency to implement the rulings of the European Court of Human Rights as well as the Constitutional Court of Bosnia and Herzegovina, and emphasizing that progress needs to be made on electoral reform in a spirit of consensus within the current legislative period to move the country towards modern democratic standards in accordance with the OSCE-ODIHR, Venice Commission, and the Council of Europe’s Group of States against Corruption (GRECO)’s recommendations to improve the electoral framework,
Noting with concern continued polarizing unconstructive policies, actions and rhetoric in Bosnia and Herzegovina, and reiterating its calls to political leaders to advance reconciliation and mutual understanding,
Calling for all levels of authorities to further coordinate and implement socioeconomic reforms that will address structural weaknesses of the economy to the benefit of all citizens,
Emphasizing the need for Bosnia and Herzegovina to step up efforts regarding the functioning and independence of the judiciary, the fight against corruption and organized crime, and the fight against terrorism and prevention of radicalization,
Noting positively the adoption of the revised National War Crimes Processing Strategy by the Bosnia and Herzegovina Council of Ministers and encouraging authorities of its implementation,
Encouraging the parties to implement Bosnia and Herzegovina ’s National Action Plan on Women Peace and Security in an inclusive manner and lookingforward to its continuation,
Recognizing that the security environment has remained calm and stable, and noting that the Bosnia and Herzegovina authorities have so far proven capable to deal with threats to the safe and secure environment,
Determining that the situation in the region continues to constitute a threat to international peace and security,
Acting under Chapter VII of the Charter of the United Nations,
- Reiterates that the primary responsibility for the further successful implementation of the Peace Agreement lies with all the authorities in Bosnia and Herzegovina themselves and notes the continued willingness of the international community and major donors to support them in implementing the Peace Agreement, and calls upon all the authorities in Bosnia and Herzegovina to fully cooperate with the International Residual Mechanism for Criminal Tribunals and support investigations and prosecutions in the national system;
2. Welcomes the EU’s readiness to maintain an EU military operation (EUFOR ALTHEA) in Bosnia and Herzegovina from November 2020;
3. Authorizes the Member States acting through or in cooperation with the EU to establish for a further period of twelve months, starting from the date of the adoption of this resolution, a multinational stabilization force (EUFOR ALTHEA) as a legal successor to SFOR under unified command and control, which will fulfil its missions in relation to the implementation of Annex 1-A and Annex 2 of the Peace Agreement in cooperation with the NATO Headquarters presence in accordance with the arrangements agreed between NATO and the EU as communicated to the Security Council in their letters of 19 November 2004, which recognize that EUFOR ALTHEA will have the main peace stabilization role under the military aspects of the Peace Agreement;
4. Decides to renew the authorization provided by paragraph 11 of its resolution 2183 (2014) for a further period of twelve months starting from the date of adoption of this resolution;
5. Authorizes the Member States acting under paragraph 3 and 4 above to take all necessary measures to effect the implementation of and to ensure compliance with annexes 1-A and 2 of the Peace Agreement, stresses that the parties shall continue to be held equally responsible for the compliance with that annex and shall be equally subject to such enforcement action by EUFOR ALTHEA and the NATO presence as may be necessary to ensure implementation of those annexes and the protection of EUFOR ALTHEA and the NATO presence;
6. Authorizes Member States to take all necessary measures, at the request of either EUFOR ALTHEA or the NATO Headquarters, in defence of the EUFOR ALTHEA or NATO presence respectively, and to assist both organizations in carrying out their missions, and recognizes the right of both EUFOR ALTHEA and the NATO presence to take all necessary measures to defend themselves from attack or threat of attack;
7. Authorizes the Member States acting under paragraph 3 and 4 above, in accordance with annex 1-A of the Peace Agreement, to take all necessary measures to ensure compliance with the rules and procedures governing command and control of airspace over Bosnia and Herzegovina with respect to all civilian and military air traffic;
8. Urges all concerned parties to proceed with the formation of the governments at Federation and cantonal levels;
9. Urges the parties to prioritize the implementation of comprehensive reforms in a manner which benefits all citizens and is in line with the country’s European perspective, and further calls on them to refrain from any polarizing unconstructive policy, action and rhetoric;
10. Urges the parties, in accordance with the Peace Agreement, to abide to their commitment to cooperate fully with all institutions involved in the implementation of this peace settlement, as described in the Peace Agreement, including Annex 4;
11. Reaffirms that under the Peace Agreement, Bosnia and Herzegovina consists of two entities, which exist legally by virtue of the Bosnia and Herzegovina Constitution, and further reaffirms that any change to the Constitution must be made in accordance with the amendment procedure prescribed therein;
12. Decides to remain seized of the matter.
Adopted by the Security Council on 5 November 2020.
